문제

다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?

FOBO, or Fear of a Better Option, is the anxiety that something better will come along, which makes it undesirable to commit to existing choices when making a decision. It’s an affliction of abundance that drives you to keep all of your options open and to avoid risks. Rather than assessing your options, choosing one, and moving on with your day, you delay the inevitable. It’s not unlike hitting the snooze button on your alarm clock only to pull the covers over your head and fall back asleep. As you probably found out the hard way, if you hit snooze enough times, you’ll end up being late and racing for the office, your day and mood ruined. While pressing snooze feels so good at the moment, it ultimately demands a price.

* affliction: 고통

적당한 수준의 불안감은 업무 수행에 도움이 된다.

성급한 의사 결정은 의도하지 않은 결과를 초래한다.

반복되는 실수를 줄이기 위해서는 신중함이 요구된다.

더 나은 선택을 위해 결정을 미루는 것은 결국 해가 된다.

규칙적인 생활 습관은 직장에서의 성공 가능성을 높인다.

 

 

분석

 

 

"FOBO, or Fear of a Better Option, is the anxiety that something better will come along, which makes it undesirable to commit to existing choices when making a decision."

미래의 기회가 현재의 기회를 능가할 수 있다는 전망에서 비롯된 불안감을 담은 신조어인 'FOBO'의 개념을 소개


FOBO와 알람 시계의 스누즈 버튼을 누르는 행위를 생생하게 비교합니다. 이 비유는 적시에 결정을 내리지 않았을 때의 해로운 결과를 강조하는 역할을 합니다. 이는 장기적인 이익을 희생하더라도 즉각적인 불편함을 피하고 편안함을 추구하는 인간의 본능적인 욕구를 대변합니다.

마비와 우유부단함의 위험에 대해 경고하는 이야기처럼 보입니다. 이 글은 불확실성에 직면했을 때 결단력 있게 위험을 감수하고 선택에 전념하는 것의 가치를 강조합니다. 또한 모든 옵션을 열어두려는 욕망은 행동하지 않고 기회를 놓치는 결과를 초래할 수 있다고 경고합니다.

Thematic Analysis:

이 글의 기본 주제는 의사 결정과 그에 내재된 불안감, 특히 선택의 폭이 넓어 보일 때 느끼는 불안감입니다. 더 나은 선택을 기대하며 결정을 망설이는 것은 종종 부정적인 결과로 이어진다는 사실을 상기시켜 줍니다. 이는 선택의 폭이 넓고 '올바른' 선택을 해야 한다는 불안감에 시달리는 대학 지원자에게 적합한 주제입니다.

또한 한 가지 옵션을 선택하는 것은 다른 옵션의 혜택을 포기하는 것을 의미한다는 기회 비용의 개념을 강조합니다. 

핵심 메시지는 기회를 놓치는 것에 대한 두려움을 극복하고 결정을 내리는 것의 중요성입니다. 시기적절한 행동의 중요성을 강조하고 우유부단함의 잠재적 결과를 강조합니다.

 

단어

English Word Korean Translation
Fear 공포
Anxiety 불안
Undesirable 바람직하지 않은
Commit 헌신하다
Affliction 고통
Abundance 풍부함
Assessing 평가하는
Inevitable 불가피한
Snooze 선잠
Alarm clock 알람 시계
Covers 이불
Delay 지연시키다
Ultimately 궁극적으로
Demands 요구사항
Price 대가
Option 선택권
Decision 결정
Existing 존재하는
Better 좋은
Risks 위험

 

 

 

변형문제

FOBO, or Fear of a Better Option, is the (1) that something better will come along, which makes it (2) to commit to existing choices when making a decision. (Hint: 1. a synonym for 'nervousness', 2. a verb that means 'not desirable')

It’s an affliction of (3) that drives you to keep all of your options open and to avoid (4). (Hint: 3. the state of having a large quantity of something, 4. a noun that means 'danger' or 'uncertainty')

Rather than (5) your options, choosing one, and moving on with your day, you delay the inevitable. (Hint: 5. a verb that means 'to evaluate or judge')

It’s not unlike hitting the (6) button on your alarm clock only to pull the covers over your head and fall back asleep. (Hint: 6. a synonym for 'postpone' or 'delay')

As you probably found out the hard way, if you hit snooze enough times, you’ll end up (7) and racing for the office, your day and mood ruined. (Hint: 7. a verb in past participle form that means 'arriving after the agreed time')

While pressing snooze (8) so good at the moment, it ultimately demands a price. (Hint: 8. a verb in present simple tense that means 'feels')

Answer Key:

1) Anxiety
2) Undesirable
3) Abundance
4) Risks
5) Assessing
6) Snooze
7) Being late
8) Feels

 

 

 

배경지식

FOBO stands for "fear of a better option" and is a term coined by Patrick J. McGinnis, who also coined the term FOMO (fear of missing out) 

FOBO refers to the fear of making a decision because there may be a better option out there. There are also products called FOBO, such as a tire pressure monitoring system

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_zn-7m1Yn-0 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cTIUiN6inIQ 

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CaJtRHzcJzg 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

문제

다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?

Practically anything of value requires that we take a risk of failure or being rejected. This is the price we all must pay for achieving the greater rewards lying ahead of us. To take risks means you will succeed sometime but never to take a risk means that you will never succeed. Life is filled with a lot of risks and challenges and if you want to get away from all these, you will be left behind in the race of life. A person who can never take a risk can’t learn anything. For example, if you never take the risk to drive a car, you can never learn to drive. If you never take the risk of being rejected, you can never have a friend or partner. Similarly, by not taking the risk of attending an interview, you will never get a job.

위험을 무릅쓰지 않으면 아무 것도 얻지 못한다.

자신이 잘하는 일에 집중하는 것이 효율적이다.

잦은 실패 경험은 도전할 의지를 잃게 한다.

위험 요소가 있으면 미리 피하는 것이 좋다.

부탁을 자주 거절하면 신뢰를 잃는다.

 

 

분석

 

"Practically anything of value requires that we take a risk of failure or being rejected."

인생에서 가치 있는 것을 추구할 때 실패나 거절의 위험이 내재되어 있다

"This is the price we all must pay for achieving the greater rewards lying ahead of us."

이 글에서는 위험을 감수하는 것이 단순한 가능성이 아니라 더 큰 기회와 보상을 얻기 위한 필수 요건이라는 점을 강조

"To take risks means you will succeed sometime but never to take a risk means that you will never succeed."

이 문구는 위험을 감수한다고 해서 항상 즉각적인 성공으로 이어지는 것은 아니지만, 위험을 피한다고 해서 성공할 수 없다

"Life is filled with a lot of risks and challenges and if you want to get away from all these, you will be left behind in the race of life."

이는 위험과 도전을 피하면 정체로 이어질 뿐이므로 위험과 도전에 정면으로 맞서야 한다는

"A person who can never take a risk can’t learn anything."

위험을 감수하는 것이 본질적으로 학습 및 개인적 성장과 관련이 있음

"For example, if you never take the risk to drive a car, you can never learn to drive. If you never take the risk of being rejected, you can never have a friend or partner. Similarly, by not taking the risk of attending an interview, you will never get a job."

이러한 사례는 인간관계, 경력 기회, 새로운 기술 습득 등 삶의 모든 측면에서 위험을 감수하는 것이 중요하다는 메시지를 강조

요약하자면, 이 글은 전체적으로 가치 있는 경험과 기회를 추구하기 위해 위험을 감수해야 한다는 강력한 논거를 제시

 

어휘

 

English Word Korean Translation
Practically 실질적으로
Value 가치
Risk 위험
Failure 실패
Rejected 거부된
Achieving 달성하는
Rewards 보상
Lying 누워 있는
Challenges 도전 과제
Race 경주
Learn 배우다
Drive 운전하다
Rejected 거부당한
Friend 친구
Partner 파트너
Attending 참석하는
Interview 인터뷰
Job 직업
Left 남겨진
Behind 뒤에

변형문제

Practically anything of value requires that we take a risk of failure or being rejected. This is the price we all must pay for achieving the greater rewards lying ahead of us. To take risks means you will succeed sometime but never to take a risk means that you will never succeed. Life is filled with a lot of risks and challenges and if you want to get away from all these, you will be left behind in the race of life.

1) A person who can never _________ (synonym of "take") a risk can’t learn anything.

2) For example, if you never _________ (opposite of "stop") the risk to drive a car, you can never learn to drive.

3) If you never _________ (synonym of "face") the risk of being rejected, you can never have a friend or partner.

4) Similarly, by not _________ (opposite of "rejecting") the risk of attending an interview, you will never get a job.


<Answer Key>
1) A person who can never undertake a risk can’t learn anything.
2) For example, if you never take the risk to drive a car, you can never learn to drive.
3) If you never confront the risk of being rejected, you can never have a friend or partner.
4) Similarly, by not accepting the risk of attending an interview, you will never get a job.

 

 

 

배경지식

Taking risks can have several benefits, including:

 

Personal growth and development
Increased confidence and self-esteem
Opportunities for learning and innovation
Greater chances of success and achievement
Overcoming fears and limitations


However, it is important to note that risks should be calculated and not reckless, and that there is always a chance of failure or negative consequences.

 

1. 3 Benefits of Taking Risks - YouTube
Download a free self improvement ebook at https://www.forwardstepsblog.com/ Enjoy more positive Forward Steps personal development videos by ...

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IghDM7MxPpk 

 

2. The benefits of taking risks - YouTube
Without risks, no rewards. But it's all about calculated risks. In this video I will tell you how you can benefits from risks. -...

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0arcRIkFhDk 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

문제

1 2021(6)/22

다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?

Rather than attempting to punish students with a low grade or mark in the hope it will encourage them to give greater effort in the future, teachers can better motivate students by considering their work as incomplete and then requiring additional effort. Teachers at Beachwood Middle School in Beachwood, Ohio, record students’ grades as A, B, C, or I(Incomplete). Students who receive an I grade are required to do additional work in order to bring their performance up to an acceptable level. This policy is based on the belief that students perform at a failure level or submit failing work in large part because teachers accept it. The Beachwood teachers reason that if they no longer accept substandard work, students will not submit it. And with appropriate support, they believe students will continue to work until their performance is satisfactory.

 학생에게 평가 결과를 공개하는 것은 학습 동기를 떨어뜨린다.

 학생에게 추가 과제를 부여하는 것은 학업 부담을 가중시킨다.

 지속적인 보상은 학업 성취도에 장기적으로 부정적인 영향을 준다.

 학생의 자기주도적 학습 능력은 정서적으로 안정된 학습환경에서 향상된다.

 학생의 과제가 일정 수준에 도달하도록 개선 기회를 주면 동기 부여에 도움이 된다.

 

 

내용 분석

 

"Rather than attempting to punish students with a low grade or mark in the hope it will encourage them to give greater effort in the future, teachers can better motivate students by considering their work as incomplete and then requiring additional effort."

처벌에서 성장과 발전으로 관점을 전환

"Teachers at Beachwood Middle School in Beachwood, Ohio, record students’ grades as A, B, C, or I(Incomplete)."

이 시스템에서는 불합격 성적을 불완전함의 "I"로 대체합니다. 이는 어떤 학생도 본질적으로 실패한 것이 아니라 할 일이 더 많다는 것을 암시합니다. 

"Students who receive an I grade are required to do additional work in order to bring their performance up to an acceptable level."

학생에게 개선의 책임이 있음을 강조

"This policy is based on the belief that students perform at a failure level or submit failing work in large part because teachers accept it."

교육자가 실패를 받아들이는 것이 학생들의 평균 이하의 성과에 기여한다는 것을 시사합니다. 이는 높은 기대치가 더 높은 성과로 이어질 수 있다는 뜻이기도 하다.

"The Beachwood teachers reason that if they no longer accept substandard work, students will not submit it."

높은 기대치가 더 나은 노력으로 이어진다

"And with appropriate support, they believe students will continue to work until their performance is satisfactory."

마지막 줄은 실패를 받아들이지 않고 적절한 지원을 받으면 학생들이 만족스러운 결과를 얻을 때까지 지속할 수 있다. (회복탄력성과 끈기의 중요성)

성장 지향적이고 탄력적인 사고방식, 높은 기대치, 지속적인 학습 및 지원 시스템의 중요성에 대한 글이다. 

어휘

 

 

Word Definition
rather 차라리
attempt 시도하다
punish 벌하다
encourage 격려하다
effort 노력
consider 생각하다
incomplete 미완성의
require 요구하다
acceptable 받아들일 만한
belief 신념
submit 제출하다
substandard 기준에 미달하는
appropriate 적절한
support 지지
satisfactory 만족스러운

변형문제

Q: The author of the text believes that teachers can better motivate students by considering their work as ____________ and then requiring additional effort. Which of the following options best completes the blank?

A. incomplete

B. unacceptable

C. wrong

D. bad

E. poor

Instructions: To answer this question, consider the main point of the text. The author is arguing that teachers should not punish students with low grades, but should instead encourage them to improve their work by giving them the opportunity to do additional work. The word that best completes the blank is therefore the one that means "not complete." The correct answer is (A).

 

배경지식

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4aN5TbGW5JA 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hTghEXKNj7g 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tcLOxM1BkBA 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R1Yl9nvXIE0 

 

 

 


이번에 크몽에 올린 책에 대해서 잠깐 소개하고자 글을 쓰게 되었습니다. 

저는 영어교육 30년차이구요, 현재는 영어학원을 하나 운영하고 있는 평범한 사람입니다. 

프로그래밍 언어는 파이썬 조금 어깨 너머로 배운 것 밖에 없는 IT계 문외한입니다. 

하지만 ChatGPT를 알게 되고 불과 1달 만에 3월 말에 전자책을 한 권 냈고, 

4월 20일 경에 크몽에 또 한 권의 책을 냈습니다. 

이렇게 책을 쓰게 된 동기는 뒤쳐지면 안되겠다는 생각 때문이었습니다. 

첫 번째 미래를 여는 열쇠, 프롬프트를 쓰기 위해서 누구보다도 ChatGPT에게 질문을 던지고 또 던졌습니다. 

프롬프트가 무엇인지, 프롬프트 엔지니어링은 무엇인지, 어떻게 해야 좋은 프롬프트를 만들 수 있는지

창의적인 프롬프트는 어떻게 만드는지 등등 이 분야에 대한 배경지식은 없지만, 

어짜피 없는 학문 내가 만들어봐야겠다는 생각으로 완성된 책이 미래를 여는 열쇠, 프롬프트 라는 책입니다. 

전자책을 만드는 지식도 없어서, 전자책 만드는 방법도 유튜브 보면서 만든 책이라서

비록 잘 안팔리는 책이지만, 애정이 가는 책입니다. 

얼핏 보면, 요즘 허다하게 쏟아지는 GPT에 대한 책처럼 보일 수도 있지만,

순수하게 ChatGPT에게서 얻어낸 정보만으로 써 내려간 책이라고 할 수 있습니다. 

 

https://www.upaper.net/reasonofmoon/1159045

 

달의 이성

 

www.upaper.net

reasonofmoon - 미래를 여는 열쇠, 프롬프트
미래를 여는 열쇠, 프롬프트 전자책가격 15,000원 

 

반면에 이번에 크몽에 올린 책은 첫 번째 책과는 정반대의 책이라고 생각하셔도 될 것 같습니다. 

이곳 저곳에서 듣고, 공부한 것을 바탕으로 Openai playground에서 메타프롬프트를 통해 프롬프트를 더 정교하게 만들고 실험할 수 있는 제가 찾아낸 노하우를 짧지만 액기스만 뽑아서 소개한 책입니다. 

프롬프트 엔지니어 라는 이름으로 활동하는 여러 유튜버나 N잡러들보다는 좀 더 실질적인 팁을 드리고자 제작한 메뉴얼입니다. 

https://kmong.com/self-marketing/464375/Fo43tfIJoF

 

프롬프트 파인튜닝 고급 프롬프트 제작법 | 10000원부터 시작 가능한 총 평점 0점의 전자책, 직무

0개 총 작업 개수 완료한 총 평점 0점인 달의이성의 전자책, 직무스킬 전자책 서비스를 0개의 리뷰와 함께 확인해 보세요. 전자책, 직무스킬 전자책 제공 등 10000원부터 시작 가능한 서비스

kmong.com


프롬프트 파인튜닝 고급 프롬프트 제작법 | 10000원


쏟아지고 있는 인공지능에 대한 지식들을 다들 누가 좀더 많이 알고 누가 먼저 썼느냐는 별로 중요하지 않은 것 같습니다. 그러한 경쟁은 애플사의 최신 아이폰을 사기 위해 줄을 선 어얼리 어답터들의 줄서기 경쟁이나 다를 바 없다고 생각합니다. 저는 인공지능 기술은 좀 더 실질적이고 실용적인 것으로 쓰는 방법에 대해서 고민하고 있습니다. 

먼저 저는 초기에 프롬프트를 사고 파는 시장에 대해서 상상했습니다. 그 상상은 이미 현실로 벌어지고 있었지요. 

프롬프트 베이스와 같은 사이트들이 있다는 사실을 그 다음 알게 되었습니다. 저는 프롬프트를 시장이 한국에 없다는 사실을 알고, 대학 선배인 (주)빅스터의 대표에게 전화를 했습니다. 아이디어를 줄테니 나도 동참하게 해달라고 요청하였지요. 그 결과 실제로 대한민국 최초로 프롬프트 시장을 열었습니다. 밍글민트의 프롬프트 마켓플레이스가 그것입니다. 

https://www.minglemint.com/premiummarket?tab=0&page=1&size=20

 

밍글민트(Minglemint NFT Marketplace)

밍글민트(Minglemint NFT Marketplace)

www.minglemint.com

밍글민트(Minglemint NFT Marketplace)

프롬프트 파인튜닝은 메타프롬프트를 활용해서 고급 프롬프트를 제작하고, 제작한 프롬프트를 AIPRM for ChatGPT라는 크롬 확장프로그램을 이용해서 템플릿화한 후에, 밍글민트와 같은 프롬프트 마켓에 판매하는 과정을 담고 있습니다. 

또한 영어교육에서 활용할 수 있는 프롬프트를 8개 세트를 실었습니다. 

 

인공지능 분야의 혁명이라고 이야기할 만큼 ChatGPT 이후의 폭발적으로 늘어나는 인공지능 관련 기술을 어떻게 활용해야 할지 고민하고 있으시다면, 가장 저렴하지만 가장 중요한 프롬프트에 대한 팁을 드리는 제 책을 추천합니다. 감사합니다. 

 

#프롬프트파인튜닝 #미래를여는열쇠프롬프트 #달의이성 #유페이퍼 #크몽 #전자책 #밍글민트 #프롬프트엔지니어링 #프롬프트엔지니어 #prompt #promptengineering #promptengineer #chatgpt #openaiplayground 

 

 

 

 

 

 

달빛영어에서는 소리영어학습법을 적용한 훈련으로 학생들을 지도하고 있습니다. 초4 학년 학생이 TED ED 의 영상을 더빙한 영상입니다. 

 

 

 

 

교과서 낭독교재

 

 

천재정 (중3)

 

중3 천재정 교과서 낭독교재.pdf
2.00MB

천재정 (중2)

중2 천재정 교과서 낭독교재.pdf
1.53MB

 

동아윤(중3)

 

중3 동아윤 교과서 낭독교재 (1).pdf
1.67MB

동아윤(중2)

중2 동아윤 교과서 낭독교재 (1).pdf
1.51MB

지학민(중3)

 

중3 지학민 교과서 낭독교재.pdf
1.54MB

 

 

교과서 낭독영상

 

(지학민 4과)https://youtu.be/DV7LpcqtEs8

(중2 동아윤4과)https://youtu.be/xntkapl7Esg

(중2 동아윤3과)https://youtu.be/5N852O8Y2zc

 

(중3 천재정 2과) https://youtu.be/3dvxu35cFi8

 

(중2천재정 2과)https://youtu.be/U2TUzkfDKRQ

(중2 천재정 1과/) https://youtu.be/FDnSDXxZdnk

 

(중2 동아윤 2과)https://youtu.be/J3bHkgZBP3Y

(중2 동아윤 1과)https://youtu.be/fl5g2u5wjuY

(중3동아윤3과)https://youtu.be/GC19_IF0T2c

(중3 지학민 4과)https://youtu.be/d_95kGAJqAM

(중3 동아윤 2과) https://youtu.be/-PxS05nFDeM

(중3 동아윤1과)https://youtu.be/L5ty1gbBhDw

(중2 천재정 1과)https://youtu.be/18V9IjikpyI

(중3 지학민 1과)https://youtu.be/n0UH-aTNX2o

 

(중2 동아윤2과)https://youtu.be/1OFuboSTuwQ

(중2 동아윤 1과)https://youtu.be/Pzq5KHsCuxM

(중3 천재정 1과)https://youtu.be/44wPpJCJjMs

외부지문

 

부안중 (천재정)

 

1. 외부지문

Emoticons and Emojis .hwp
0.04MB
부안중 3 외부지문.pdf
0.51MB

 

2. 외부지문 변형문제 

 

 

3. 영상자료

 

(이모티콘과 이모지) https://youtu.be/LbgUI-p9VKM

 

 

 

 

 

 

부림중 (지학민)

 

1. 외부지문

부림중 중3 외부지문.pdf
0.72MB

 

 

 

2. 외부지문 변형문제

부림중3 외부지문 변형문제 Extra Reading.hwp
0.05MB
부림중3 외부지문 Doodling 변형문제.hwp
0.05MB

 

3. 영상자료

 

https://youtu.be/WkKktROb8Rc

https://youtu.be/8deHIL43b2A

https://youtu.be/Jghs5gjlvcw

https://youtu.be/oVLD6qbfu-I

 

 

 

 

 

부흥중

1. 외부지문

부흥중 2 외부지문.pdf
0.43MB
부흥중 3 외부지문.pdf
0.86MB

2. 외부지문 변형문제

Nimby 객관식 문제.hwp
0.05MB

 

3. 영상자료

https://youtu.be/w-_DS-248Ts

https://youtu.be/8-jCvR279Qo

https://youtu.be/fa0WBM7AliE

https://youtu.be/buPAzAczjPY

https://youtu.be/rUkKoKvqgPk

 

 

 

평촌중

 

1. 외부지문

 

평촌중 3 외부지문.pdf
0.83MB

2. 외부지문 변형문제

평촌중 3 외부지문 변형문제.hwp
0.07MB

3. 영상자료

https://youtu.be/lJwWACIQ38E

https://youtu.be/PnWXAyNOkT4

 

임곡중

 

1. 단어

동아윤 중2 1과 단어 영영풀이.xlsx
0.01MB

중2

 

 

 

 

 

 

중3

 

 

 

 

 

 

변형문제

 

 

 

 

 

 

문법 문제

 

 

통합 1교시 프린트

문법 프린트.hwp
0.13MB

 

 

중3

 

천재정 (1,2과)

<1과>

1. 간접의문문

2. 관계대명사의 계속적 용법

 

https://youtu.be/SEXz0agL9fo

https://youtu.be/3k1v64KwAK8

https://youtu.be/nwlkWdLIblg

https://youtu.be/QSIjro9H3KY

https://youtu.be/xD3n439WOwc

https://youtu.be/TRZtFgnzcJc

https://youtu.be/1Ya1DL4DDLI

 

 

<2과>

1. 과거완료

2. 비교급 강조 부사

 

동아윤(1,2,3과)

 

<1과>

 

1. 접속사 whether/if

2. to부정사의 형용사적 용법

 

https://youtu.be/IERIUIOyIpY

https://youtu.be/lkVex61NY3M

https://youtu.be/4GrkP4Irn_Y

https://youtu.be/E4fpaOOIM6c

<2과>

1. 사역동사+목적어+동사원형

2. so that

 

<3과>

1. 관계대명사의 계속적 용법

2. It ~ that

 

 

 

지학민(1,4과)

 

<1과>

 

1. what (I) (want) ...

2. see/watch/hear ... (lying) ~

 

 

<4과>

1. had (built) ...

2. (sorry/glad) to ...

 

 

중2

 

천재정(1,2과)

<1과>

1. to부정사의 형용사적 용법

2. 접속사 that

 

https://youtu.be/z6msdS54MFc

https://youtu.be/fT2Yhkv0GEc

https://youtu.be/j1mJVPJcNXU

<2과>

1. if 조건절

2. 지각동사

 

동아윤(1,2과)

 

<1과>

1. 수여동사

2. both A and B

 

<2과>

1. have to

2. to부정사의 부사적 용법

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

About the Book

At home in San Francisco, May speaks Japanese and the family eats rice and miso soup and drinks green tea. When she visits her friends’ homes, she eats fried chicken and spaghetti.

May plans someday to go to college and live in an apartment of her own. But when her family moves back to Japan, she soon feels lost and homesick for America.

In Japan everyone calls her by her Japanese name, Masako. She has to wear kimonos and sit on the floor. Poor May is sure that she will never feel at home in this country.

Eventually May is expected to marry and a matchmaker is hired. Outraged at the thought, May sets out to find her own way in the big city of Osaka.

With elegant watercolors reminiscent of Grandfather’s Journey, Allen Say has created a moving tribute to his parents and their path to discovering where home really is.

The accompanying story of his mother and her journey as a young woman is heartfelt.

 

 

 

본문

Tea With Milk 

by: Allen Say 

From the window in her room, the girl could see the city of San Francisco. She imagined that it was a city of many palaces. And one day her father would take her there, he had promised, riding on a paddle steamer across the shining bay. 

Her parents called her Ma-chan, which was short for Masako, and spoke to her in Japanese. Everyone else called her May and talked with her in English. At home she had rice and miso soup and plain green tea for breakfast. At her friends’ houses she ate pancakes and muffins and drank tea with milk and sugar. When she graduated from high school, she wanted to go to college and then live in San Francisco. But her parents were homesick and decided to return to Japan, which was their homeland. The daughter was sad. She did not want to leave the only home she had ever known. 

Once they arrived in Japan, she felt even worse. Her new home was drafty, with windows made of paper. She had to wear kimonos and sit on floors until her legs went numb. No one called her May, and Masako sounded like someone else’s name. There were no more pancakes or omelets, fried chicken or spaghetti. I’ll never get used to this place, she thought with a heavy heart. 

Worst of all, Masako had to attend high school all over again. To learn her own language, her mother said. She could not make friends with any of the other students; they called her gaijin and laughed at her. Gaijin means “foreigner.” 

The woman who taught English conversation did not seem much older than Masako. Maybe she’ll be my friend, Masako thought. But the teacher refused to speak English with her. She could not teach an American, she said. 

So Masako wandered around the empty schoolyard. Small singsong voices came drifting from the classroom, chanting kindergarten English. She wanted to shout at them, “I know the words you are learning! Why won’t you speak to me!” 

At home, Masako took lessons in flower arranging, calligraphy, and the tea ceremony. She did not understand how anyone could sit on the floor for such long stretches. 

“Why do I have to do this?” she exclaimed one day. “I’m not going to be a florist or a sign painter! And I like my tea with milk and sugar!” 

“You are going to be a proper Japanese lady,” her mother said. 

“All I want is to go to college and then have an apartment of my own.” “A young lady needs a husband from a good family.” 

“A husband! I’d rather have a turtle than a husband!” 

“We have hired a very good matchmaker,” her mother said.

On the following weekend, the matchmaker introduced Masako and her mother to a young banker and his mother. In a fancy restaurant they drank tea and ate lunch and drank more tea. Then the young couple was left alone for the afternoon. The mothers prayed for the marriage of two good families. The matchmaker dreamed of the full fee she could collect. 

In the evening Masako came home fuming. 

“Isn’t he a charming young man?” her mother asked. 

“Charming like a catfish!” Masako answered. 

“His family owns the bank where he works,” her mother said. 

“I won’t marry a moneylender!” Masako replied. 

Masako could not sleep that night. Mother is determined to find a husband for me, she told herself. I could never marry someone like that. Never! What can I do? First thing the next morning, Masako put on the brightest dress she had brought from California and left the house. As she hurried to the bus stop, the villagers stopped and stared. 

“She looks like a gaijin!” they said loudly. 

I’m a foreigner in my parents’ country, she thought. And they came back here because they didn’t want to be foreigners. But I wasn’t born here. I should leave home and live on my own, like an American daughter. 

The bus took her to the train station, and there she bought a ticket to Osaka. It was still before noon when Masako reached Osaka. She marveled at the city. She had not seen so many cars since leaving California. She felt as though the 

city noises were welcoming her - the noises of trolley bells clanging, car horns blaring, trucks rumbling! And tall buildings with windows like mirrors! Everything seemed familiar, even though she had never been there before. 

And most exciting of all, she saw a department store that looked like a gleaming palace. She went in. 

Once she was inside, it was Masako who stared. 

There were beautiful things to buy. There were restaurants and cafes and hair salons, even a theater. Am I really in Japan? she wondered. She walked aimlessly, whispering to herself, “What if I...Maybe I should…” Her heart beat faster and faster. She felt dizzy and confused. 

Finally she went up to the office and asked if there were job openings. A clerk handed her an application form. As Masako filled it out, she thanked her mother for making her attend the Japanese high school, for the calligraphy lessons. 

In the evening she sent a telegram to her parents. She was going to live and work in the city. She would come and get her clothes on the weekend. The next

morning Masako returned to the department store office. No one had read her application yet, the clerk said. Masako asked to see the manager. She was very insistent. After a while, a supervisor interviewed her. 

“Can you really drive a car?” he asked, looking at her application. “I’ve never seen a woman drive.” 

“Many women drive in America,” she said. 

“I see.” He nodded and picked up his telephone. 

Soon a girl appeared and took Masako to a changing room and gave her a uniform. An hour later, Masako was driving an elevator cage up and down, bowing to customers, and announcing the floors. 

She rented a room in a rooming house for university students. Her parents were not happy, especially her mother. It was shameful for ladies to work, she said. Masako did not tell her she was an elevator girl. 

It was not long before Masako became bored with her job. “Could I do something else?” she asked the supervisor. 

“You can stand by the main entrance and bow to the customers,” he said. “Only bowing? All day long?” she asked. 

He nodded. 

Masako returned to her elevator. No wonder ladies don’t work in Japan, she thought with a sigh. 

In the afternoon, as she brought down the elevator, she noticed that a small crowd had gathered in the lobby. In the middle stood the supervisor, bowing and waving his arms at a family. Suddenly Masako flushed with excitement. The family was speaking English! 

“Can I be of any help?” Masako asked from behind the crowd. 

“You sound like an American,” a little boy said. 

“And you sound like an Englishman,” Masako said. 

“Thank goodness,” the Englishwoman said. “Tell us where you keep your hot-water bottles and umbrellas. 

“And handkerchiefs,” the man added. 

Masako told them, and as the smiling English family left, the supervisor said to her, “I have a new job for you.” 

Masako became the store’s guide for foreign businessmen. She had to wear a kimono for the job. How funny, she thought, that she had to look like a Japanese lady to speak English. The odd thing was that the kimono did not seem so uncomfortable now. 

After some weeks, Masako noticed a young man who joined her tour two days in a row.

She saw him again on the third morning. He did not look like a foreigner, and sho she said to him in Japanese, “Surely you must know every corner of the store by now.” 

He smiled and said to her in English, “It would give me great pleasure if you would have tea with me.” She stared at him. 

“I went to an English school in Shanghai,” he replied. “They called me Joseph. Won’t you have tea with me?” 

“I would enjoy that very much,” she said in her very best English, and bowed as a proper Japanese lady should. 

They met later and had tea in a nearby cafe. 

“Well, Miss Moriwaki,” Joseph said, looking at Masako’s business card. “I’d like it if you’d call me May,” she said. “Did you always drink tea with milk and sugar?” 

“It’s how we used to have it at school, with crumpets,” he said. 

“So what brings you to the store three mornings running?” 

Joseph laughed, “I work for Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank. I was transferred here six months ago and I haven’t had a real conversation since. Then I heard you speaking English at the store the other day.” 

“What a patient man you are,” she said, laughing. “And I’m glad you came back. This is the first real conversation I’ve had in a whole year.” 

“Are you planning to stay in Japan?” May asked. 

“That depends,” he said. “If you have certain things, I think one place is as good as any other.” 

“What sort of things?” 

“Oh, a home, work you enjoy, food you like, good conversation. How about you? Would you like to go back to America?” 

“I think so, someday,” she said. “I wouldn’t have to be such a proper young lady there. I could get a job or drive a car and nobody would think anything of it.” 

And that was the beginning of their friendship. They often met after work and on weekends. One night in the late fall they had dinner at a restaurant they liked. After a while May noticed that she was doing all the talking and Joseph was not eating his food. 

“Are you all right?” she asked. Joseph nodded but said nothing. 

As they left the restaurant May said, “Tell me what’s wrong.” 

“They are transferring me,” Joseph said. 

“What?” 

“They are sending me to another office.”

“Where?” 

“Yokohama.” 

“No!” 

They walked in silence until they came to the Kobe harbor. Finally Joseph said, “Yokohama isn’t that far away.” 

“I’m glad it not in China,” May said. “Look Joseph, I came here on a ship like that.” 

“You’re thinking about San Francisco, aren’t you?” 

Now May looked away. 

“I went to an English school because my foster parents were English.” “Foster parents? You were adopted?” 

Joseph nodded. “There were six of us, all adopted and all scattered now and all looking for a home. May, home isn’t a place or a building that’s ready-made and waiting for you, in America or anywhere else.” 

“You are right,” she said. “I’ll have to make it for myself.” 

“What about us?” Joseph said. “We can do it together.” 

“Yes,” May said, nodding. 

“We can start here. We can adopt this country,” he said. 

“One country is as good as another?” May smiled. “Yes, Joseph, let’s make a home. 

So they were married in Yokohama and made a home there. I was their first child. 

My father called my mother May, but to everyone else she was Masako. At home they spoke English to each other and Japanese to me. Sometimes my mother wore a kimono, but she never got used to sitting on the floor for very long. 

All this happened a long time ago, but even today I always drink my tea with milk and sugar.



1. Comprehension Questions

1. What did Ma-chan's parents call her?
a) May
b) Masako
c) San Francisco
d) Gaijin
e) Joseph
Answer: b) Masako

2. Which of the following breakfast items did Ma-chan NOT eat at her friends' houses?
a) Pancakes
b) Muffins
c) Tea with milk and sugar
d) Rice and miso soup
e) Omelets
Answer: d) Rice and miso soup

3. What did Ma-chan's classmates in Japan call her?
a) May
b) Masako
c) Gaijin
d) Joseph
e) American
Answer: c) Gaijin

4. What was Ma-chan's first job in Osaka?
a) Guide for foreign businessmen
b) Elevator girl
c) Bowing at the main entrance
d) Flower arranger
e) Banker
Answer: b) Elevator girl

5. Where did Ma-chan meet Joseph?
a) San Francisco
b) The department store
c) The train station
d) The schoolyard
e) The matchmaker's office
Answer: b) The department store

6. Which city did Ma-chan and Joseph decide to make their home?
a) San Francisco
b) Yokohama
c) Osaka
d) Shanghai
e) Kobe
Answer: b) Yokohama

7. What does the word "gaijin" mean?
a) American
b) Foreigner
c) Friend
d) Lady
e) Matchmaker
Answer: b) Foreigner

8. What did Ma-chan's mother want her to become?
a) A proper Japanese lady
b) A teacher
c) A banker
d) A matchmaker
e) An elevator girl
Answer: a) A proper Japanese lady

9. What did Ma-chan learn in Japan that helped her get a job in Osaka?
a) English
b) Calligraphy
c) Cooking
d) Matchmaking
e) Flower arranging
Answer: b) Calligraphy

10. Which language did Ma-chan and Joseph speak to each other at home?
a) Japanese
b) English
c) Chinese
d) Spanish
e) French
Answer: b) English

11. What did Ma-chan want to do after high school in San Francisco?
a) Move to Japan
b) Become a proper Japanese lady
c) Get married
d) Go to college
e) Be a matchmaker
Answer: d) Go to college

12. What beverage does the narrator always drink with milk and sugar?
a) Coffee
b) Tea
c) Lemonade
d) Soda
e) Orange juice
Answer: b) Tea

13. Which of the following was NOT a reason Ma-chan felt uncomfortable in Japan?
a) Wearing kimonos
b) Sitting on floors
c) Eating pancakes
d) Being called Masako
e) Attending high school again
Answer: c) Eating pancakes

14. Fill in the blank: "A husband! I’d rather have a _______ than a husband!”
a) Turtle
b) Cat
c) Dog
d) Bank
e) Car
Answer: a) Turtle

15. What was Joseph's job in Japan?
a) Banker
b) Teacher
c) Matchmaker
d) Elevator girl
e) Store guide
Answer: a) Banker

<Story>

https://youtu.be/AyhitF21OHs

 

<Summary Trailer>

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0fjYEQH-7ak 

 

https://blog.naver.com/librainydarl/223068375706

 

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