2023학년도 3월 고2 전국연합학력평가 문항분석 (29번)

요약:

인간은 생존을 위한 조상들의 욕구 때문에 확실성을 좋아하며, 우리의 뇌는 불확실성으로부터 우리를 보호하도록 진화해 왔습니다.

(Humans like certainty due to our ancestors' need for survival, and our brains have evolved to protect us from uncertainty.)

주제: 

확실성에 대한 인간의 선호와 그 진화적 근거. (Human preference for certainty and its evolutionary basis.)

 

요지:

우리가 확실성을 선호하는 것은 다양한 위협에서 살아남아야 했던 조상으로부터 비롯되었으며, 우리의 뇌는 안전을 지키기 위해 불확실성을 식별하고 피할 수 있도록 진화해 왔습니다.

(Thesis Statement: Our liking for certainty stems from our ancestors who needed to survive various threats, and our brains have evolved to help us identify and avoid uncertainty in order to keep us safe.)

핵심 어휘

(1) Certainty: 확실성 (Human beings like certainty.)
(2) Ancestors: 조상들 (This liking stems from our ancient ancestors.)
(3) Evolved: 진화하다 (Our brains evolved to help us attend to threats.)
(4) Threats: 위협들 (Help us attend to threats, keep away from them, and remain alive afterward.)
(5) Danger-alert system: 위험 경보 시스템 (The danger-alert system continues to protect us.)
(6) Labeling: 꼬리표 달기 (Our brains labeling new, vague, or unpredictable everyday events and experiences as uncertain.)
(7) Generating: 생성하다 (Our brains then generating sensations, thoughts, and action plans.)
(8) Uncertain: 불확실한 (To keep us safe from the uncertain element.)
(9) Survival: 생존 (Ensured our survival to the present day.)
(10) Everyday events: 일상적인 사건들 (Our brains labeling new, vague, or unpredictable everyday events.)

내용 이해:

(1) Why do human beings like certainty?

(인간이 확실성을 좋아하는 이유는 무엇입니까?)

 

(2) What role did our ancient ancestors play in our preference for certainty? 

(우리의 확실성 선호에 고대 조상들이 어떤 역할을 했습니까?)

 

(3) How did our brains evolve to help us deal with uncertainty? 

(우리의 뇌는 불확실성을 처리하는 데 어떻게 진화했습니까?)

 

(4) What is the purpose of the danger-alert system in our brains? 

(두뇌의 위험 경보 시스템의 목적은 무엇입니까?)

 

(5) How do our brains react to new, vague, or unpredictable everyday events? 

(뇌가 새로운, 애매한 또는 예측할 수 없는 일상적인 사건들에 어떻게 반응합니까?)

 

 

* Suggested Answers

(1) Human beings like certainty because it helped our ancestors survive various threats, and our brains have evolved to protect us from uncertainty. 

(Reason: The text explains the connection between certainty and survival.)

 

(2) Our ancient ancestors needed certainty to survive alongside dangerous predators and poisonous plants, which led to our preference for certainty. 

(Reason: The text links our preference for certainty to our ancestors' survival needs.)

 

(3) Our brains evolved to attend to threats, keep away from them, and remain alive afterward by labeling new, vague, or unpredictable events as uncertain and generating sensations, thoughts, and action plans to keep us safe. 

(Reason: The text describes the brain's evolution to protect us from uncertainty.)

 

(4) The purpose of the danger-alert system in our brains is to protect us from uncertain elements by labeling them as dangerous and generating sensations, thoughts, and action plans to keep us safe. 

(Reason: The text explains the function of the danger-alert system in our brains.)

(5) Our brains react to new, vague, or unpredictable everyday events by labeling them as uncertain and generating sensations, thoughts, and action plans to keep us safe from the uncertain element. 

(Reason: The text describes how our brains process and respond to uncertain events.)

주요 문장

(1) Our brains evolved to help us attend to threats, keep away from them, and remain alive afterward.

(뇌가 위협을 주목하고 피하며, 그 후에 생존할 수 있도록 진화했습니다.)

(This sentence explains how our brains have evolved to deal with threats and uncertainty, emphasizing its role in human survival.)

 

(2) Our brains then generating sensations, thoughts, and action plans to keep us safe from the uncertain element, and we live to see another day. 

(그러면 뇌는 불확실한 요소로부터 우리를 안전하게 지키기 위해 감각, 생각, 그리고 행동 계획을 생성하고, 우리는 다른 날을 보게 됩니다.)

(This sentence describes the brain's response to uncertainty and how it helps us to stay safe and continue living.)

 

The text discusses human preference for certainty and its evolutionary basis, explaining that our liking for certainty stems from our ancestors who needed to survive various threats.

 

Our brains have evolved to help us identify and avoid uncertainty by attending to threats, keeping away from them, and remaining alive afterward.

 

The danger-alert system in our brains continues to protect us by labeling new, vague, or unpredictable everyday events as uncertain and generating sensations, thoughts, and action plans to keep us safe.

 

This preference for certainty has ensured our survival to the present day and continues to shape our reactions to uncertain situations.

 

 

 

---

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SpPWmul6gVs 

1. Watch This Video

2. Questions and Answers

 

Question 1: What does Sapolsky's theory of Human Behavioral Biology suggest?

• All behaviors have a biological basis.
• They are a product of natural selection.

Question 2: What factors does Sapolsky's theory consider when explaining behavior?

• Neurons in the brain a moment before the behavior.
• Environmental triggers and hormones.
• Neuroplasticity and past experiences.
• Fetal life, genes, and culture.
• Human evolution and species development.

Question 3: Why does Sapolsky's theory imply that understanding behavior is complicated?

• Many factors contribute to behavior.
• A simple cause-and-effect explanation is usually not enough.
• We need to consider the full picture of an individual's life.

Question 4: What was Sapolsky's background and experience?

• Born in New York, interested in primatology since young.
• Studied baboons in Africa for 25 years.
• Taught behavioral biology at Stanford University.

Question 5: What advice does Sapolsky give for understanding others?

• Be careful and cautious before judging.
• Understand that humans are complicated.
• Consider the full context before making conclusions.

Question 6: Can we fully explain behavior without considering the full picture?

• According to Sapolsky, no.
• His theory argues that many factors contribute to behavior.
• Some people may still believe in a soul that takes decisions regardless of biology.