달빛영어

요약:

물고기와 전기 기관의 전기 통신에 관한 텍스트
electric communication in fish and electric organs

주제: 

물고기의 전기적 의사소통과 전기 기관의 역할.

Electric communication in fish and the role of electric organs.

요지: 

물고기의 전기 통신은 특수한 전기 기관에 의해 촉진되며, 신호는 간섭을 최소화하기 위해 짧은 거리에서 작동하여 다양할 수 있습니다.

Electric communication in fish is facilitated by special electric organs, and the signals can vary, working over short distances to minimize interference.

핵심 어휘

(1) Electric organ: 전기기관 

(Special electric organs produce electric signals in fish.)

(2) Muscle cells: 근세포 

(Electric current is created in ordinary muscle cells when they contract.)

(3) Current intensity: 전류 강도 

(The total current intensity in electric organs is larger than in ordinary muscles.)

(4) Electric communication: 전기적 소통 

(Electric communication is mainly known in fish.)

(5) Electric field: 전기장 

(An electric field is created around the fish when the electric organ discharges.)

(6) Electric signals: 전기적 신호 

(Fish can vary the signals by changing the form of the electric field or the frequency of discharging.)

(7) Short range: 짧은 범위 

(The system only works over short distances, about one to two meters.)

(8) Interference: 간섭 

(The short range of the system decreases the risk of interference.)

(9) Species: 종 

(The species using the signal system often live in large groups with several other species.)

(10) Discharging: 방전 

(The frequency of discharging varies the electric signals in fish.)

내용 이해

(1) How do fish produce electric signals? 

(어떻게 물고기는 전기적 신호를 생성하나요?)

(2) How does the electric organ compare to ordinary muscle cells in terms of current intensity? 

(전류 강도 측면에서 전기 기관은 일반 근육세포와 어떻게 비교되나요?)

(3) How do fish vary their electric signals? (물고기는 전기적 신호를 어떻게 다양화하나요?)

(4) What is the range of the electric communication system in fish? 

(물고기의 전기적 소통 시스템의 범위는 어느 정도인가요?)

(5) How does the short range of the system help minimize interference? 

(시스템의 짧은 범위가 간섭을 최소화하는 데 어떻게 도움이 되나요?)

* Suggested Answers

(1) Fish produce electric signals using special electric organs. 

(Reason: The text states that electric signals are produced in special electric organs.)

(2) The electric organ has a larger total current intensity than ordinary muscle cells. 

(Reason: The text explains that the muscle cells in electric organs are connected in larger chunks, making the total current intensity larger.)

(3) Fish vary their electric signals by changing the form of the electric field or the frequency of discharging. 

(Reason: The text describes how fish can vary the signals they produce.)

(4) The range of the electric communication system in fish is about one to two meters. 

(Reason: The text provides the short range of the system.)

(5) The short range of the system helps minimize interference by decreasing the risk of multiple fish sending out signals at the same time. 

(Reason: The text explains that the short range is an advantage for species living in large groups.)

주요 문장

(1) "Electric communication is mainly known in fish." 

(전기적 소통은 주로 생선에서 알려져 있다.) 

(Semantics: 이 문장은 전기적 소통이 생선에서 주로 알려진 현상임을 강조한다.)

(2) "The fish varies the signals by changing the form of the electric field or the frequency of discharging." (생선은 전기장의 형태를 변경하거나 방전 빈도를 바꿔 신호를 다양화한다.) 

(Grammar: 이 문장은 복합문으로, 주어 "The fish"와 동사 "varies" 및 목적어 "the signals"가 포함되어 있다. 부사구 "by changing the form of the electric field or the frequency of discharging"는 동사 "varies"를 수식한다.

Semantics: 이 문장은 생선이 어떻게 전기 신호를 조절하여 전기적 소통을 수행하는지 설명한다.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0M7_HPSi14 

1. Who was Alexander von Humboldt and what did he see in 1800?

Alexander von Humboldt was an explorer.

He saw electric eels leaping out of water to defend themselves against horses.

2. What do fish use electrical signals for underwater?

Communication

Navigation

Finding and stunning prey (rare cases)

3. How many species of fish can generate and detect electrical signals?

Nearly 350 species

4. What are the two groups of electric fish?

Weakly electric fish

Strongly electric fish

5. What is an electrocyte?

A disc-shaped cell in the electric organ of some fish

6. What do electroreceptors do?

Allow fish to sense electrical fields and changes caused by surroundings or other fish

7. What is special about the Peter’s elephantnose fish?

It has a schnauzenorgan with many electroreceptors

Helps judge distances, detect shapes and sizes, and determine if insects are dead or alive

8. What is the most powerful strongly electric fish?

Electric knife fish, also known as the electric eel

9. How does the electric eel hunt its prey?

First, it emits strong pulses to find prey

Second, it releases high-voltage discharges to immobilize prey

10. How many volts can electric catfish and electric rays produce?

Electric catfish: 350 volts

Electric rays: 220 volts

11. Why don't electric fish electrocute themselves?

It's a mystery, but possible reasons include:

Their size helps them withstand shocks

Current passes out of their bodies quickly

Special proteins may shield the electric organs